math_cms/app/Services/KnowledgeExplanationService.php

<?php

namespace App\Services;

use App\Models\KnowledgeExplanation;
use App\Models\KnowledgePoint;
use App\Models\MistakeRecord;
use App\Models\PaperQuestion;
use App\Models\Question;
use Illuminate\Database\QueryException;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

class KnowledgeExplanationService
{
    public function __construct(
        private readonly ExamPdfExportService $examPdfExportService
    ) {
    }

    public function generateKnowledgeId(): string
    {
        // 对齐 paper_id 的数字段生成规则（PaperIdGenerator），并增加唯一性兜底
        for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) {
            $numericId = PaperIdGenerator::generate();
            $knowledgeId = 'paper_' . $numericId;
            if (! $this->validateKnowledgeId($knowledgeId)) {
                continue;
            }
            $exists = KnowledgeExplanation::query()
                ->where('knowledge_id', $knowledgeId)
                ->exists();
            if (! $exists) {
                return $knowledgeId;
            }
        }

        throw new \RuntimeException('无法生成唯一的 knowledge_id');
    }

    public function prepareKnowledgeExplanation(array $payload): array
    {
        $knowledgeId = (string) ($payload['knowledge_id'] ?? $this->generateKnowledgeId());
        if (! $this->validateKnowledgeId($knowledgeId)) {
            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('knowledge_id 格式非法，必须为 paper_ + 15位数字（兼容 knowledge_ 前缀）');
        }
        $studentId = (string) ($payload['student_id'] ?? '');
        $teacherId = (string) ($payload['teacher_id'] ?? '');
        $difficultyCategory = isset($payload['difficulty_category']) ? (int) $payload['difficulty_category'] : null;
        $kpCodes = $this->resolveKpCodes($payload);
        $knowledgePoints = $this->examPdfExportService->buildExplanations($kpCodes);

        $history = $this->loadStudentQuestionHistory($studentId);
        $casePayload = [];
        foreach ($knowledgePoints as &$point) {
            $kpCode = (string) ($point['kp_code'] ?? '');
            if ($kpCode === '') {
                $point['cases'] = [];
                continue;
            }
            $cases = $this->pickCasesForKnowledgePoint($kpCode, $history['done'], $history['wrong'], 5, $difficultyCategory);
            $point['cases'] = $cases;
            $casePayload[$kpCode] = array_map(static function (array $item): array {
                return [
                    'question_id' => $item['question_id'],
                    'source_type' => $item['source_type'],
                    'is_wrong_case' => $item['is_wrong_case'],
                    'child_kp_code' => $item['child_kp_code'] ?? null,
                    'child_kp_name' => $item['child_kp_name'] ?? null,
                    'source_label' => $item['source_label'] ?? null,
                ];
            }, $cases);
        }
        unset($point);

        $contentHash = hash('sha256', json_encode([
            'student_id' => $studentId,
            'kp_codes' => $kpCodes,
            'case_payload' => $casePayload,
        ], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES));

        $recordPayload = [
            'teacher_id' => $teacherId,
            'student_id' => $studentId,
            'assemble_type' => 22,
            'status' => 'processing',
            'kp_codes' => $kpCodes,
            'case_payload' => $casePayload,
            'content_hash' => $contentHash,
            'pdf_url' => null,
            'generated_at' => null,
        ];

        try {
            $record = KnowledgeExplanation::updateOrCreate([
                'knowledge_id' => $knowledgeId,
            ], $recordPayload);
        } catch (QueryException $e) {
            if (! $this->isDuplicatePrimaryKeyError($e)) {
                throw $e;
            }

            // 兼容线上历史表主键异常（id 非正常自增）：
            // 1) 若 knowledge_id 已存在则直接更新；
            // 2) 否则手动分配一个递增 id 再插入，避免任务失败。
            $record = $this->persistWithManualIdFallback($knowledgeId, $recordPayload);
        }

        return [
            'knowledge_id' => $knowledgeId,
            'record' => $record,
            'knowledge_points' => $knowledgePoints,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * 仅用于本地模板调试预览：不落库，直接返回渲染数据。
     */
    public function previewKnowledgeExplanation(array $payload): array
    {
        $knowledgeId = (string) ($payload['knowledge_id'] ?? $this->generateKnowledgeId());
        if (! $this->validateKnowledgeId($knowledgeId)) {
            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('knowledge_id 格式非法，必须为 paper_ + 15位数字（兼容 knowledge_ 前缀）');
        }

        $studentId = (string) ($payload['student_id'] ?? '');
        $teacherId = (string) ($payload['teacher_id'] ?? '');
        $difficultyCategory = isset($payload['difficulty_category']) ? (int) $payload['difficulty_category'] : null;
        $kpCodes = $this->resolveKpCodes($payload);
        $knowledgePoints = $this->examPdfExportService->buildExplanations($kpCodes);
        $history = $this->loadStudentQuestionHistory($studentId);

        foreach ($knowledgePoints as &$point) {
            $kpCode = (string) ($point['kp_code'] ?? '');
            if ($kpCode === '') {
                $point['cases'] = [];
                continue;
            }
            $point['cases'] = $this->pickCasesForKnowledgePoint($kpCode, $history['done'], $history['wrong'], 5, $difficultyCategory);
        }
        unset($point);

        return [
            'knowledge_id' => $knowledgeId,
            'student_id' => $studentId,
            'teacher_id' => $teacherId,
            'knowledge_points' => $knowledgePoints,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * 使用已保存的 knowledge_id/kp_codes/case_payload 重建 PDF 渲染数据。
     * 知识点正文会读取当前库中最新内容，案例题目按 case_payload 中的 question_id 复原。
     */
    public function rebuildKnowledgePointsForRecord(KnowledgeExplanation $record): array
    {
        $kpCodes = is_array($record->kp_codes) ? $record->kp_codes : [];
        $knowledgePoints = $this->examPdfExportService->buildExplanations($kpCodes);
        $casePayload = is_array($record->case_payload) ? $record->case_payload : [];

        if (! empty($casePayload)) {
            $questionIds = [];
            foreach ($casePayload as $items) {
                if (! is_array($items)) {
                    continue;
                }
                foreach ($items as $item) {
                    $questionId = (int) ($item['question_id'] ?? 0);
                    if ($questionId > 0) {
                        $questionIds[$questionId] = true;
                    }
                }
            }

            $questionsById = empty($questionIds)
                ? collect()
                : Question::query()
                    ->whereIn('id', array_keys($questionIds))
                    ->get(['id', 'kp_code', 'stem', 'options', 'meta', 'answer', 'solution', 'question_type', 'difficulty'])
                    ->keyBy('id');

            foreach ($knowledgePoints as &$point) {
                $kpCode = (string) ($point['kp_code'] ?? '');
                $point['cases'] = [];
                $items = $casePayload[$kpCode] ?? [];
                if (! is_array($items)) {
                    continue;
                }

                foreach ($items as $item) {
                    if (! is_array($item)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    $questionId = (int) ($item['question_id'] ?? 0);
                    $question = $questionsById->get($questionId);
                    if (! $question instanceof Question) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    $sourceType = (string) ($item['source_type'] ?? 'fallback');
                    $case = $this->formatCaseQuestion($question, $sourceType, (bool) ($item['is_wrong_case'] ?? false));
                    $case['child_kp_code'] = $item['child_kp_code'] ?? null;
                    $case['child_kp_name'] = $item['child_kp_name'] ?? null;
                    $case['source_label'] = $item['source_label'] ?? ($case['source_label'] ?? null);
                    $point['cases'][] = $case;
                }
            }
            unset($point);

            return $knowledgePoints;
        }

        $payload = [
            'knowledge_id' => $record->knowledge_id,
            'student_id' => $record->student_id,
            'teacher_id' => $record->teacher_id,
            'kp_codes' => $kpCodes,
        ];

        return (array) ($this->previewKnowledgeExplanation($payload)['knowledge_points'] ?? []);
    }

    private function validateKnowledgeId(string $knowledgeId): bool
    {
        if (! preg_match('/^(?:paper_|knowledge_)([1-9]\d{14})$/', $knowledgeId, $matches)) {
            return false;
        }

        return PaperIdGenerator::validate($matches[1]);
    }

    private function resolveKpCodes(array $payload): array
    {
        $raw = $payload['kp_codes'] ?? $payload['kp_code_list'] ?? [];
        if (! is_array($raw)) {
            return [];
        }
        $codes = [];
        foreach ($raw as $code) {
            $value = trim((string) $code);
            if ($value === '') {
                continue;
            }
            $codes[$value] = true;
        }

        return array_keys($codes);
    }

    private function isDuplicatePrimaryKeyError(QueryException $e): bool
    {
        $message = (string) $e->getMessage();

        return str_contains($message, 'Integrity constraint violation: 1062')
            && str_contains($message, 'knowledge_explanations.PRIMARY');
    }

    private function persistWithManualIdFallback(string $knowledgeId, array $recordPayload): KnowledgeExplanation
    {
        $existing = KnowledgeExplanation::query()
            ->where('knowledge_id', $knowledgeId)
            ->first();
        if ($existing) {
            $existing->fill($recordPayload);
            $existing->save();

            return $existing;
        }

        return DB::transaction(function () use ($knowledgeId, $recordPayload): KnowledgeExplanation {
            $table = (new KnowledgeExplanation())->getTable();
            $maxId = (int) DB::table($table)->lockForUpdate()->max('id');
            $nextId = $maxId + 1;
            $now = now();

            DB::table($table)->insert(array_merge($recordPayload, [
                'id' => $nextId,
                'knowledge_id' => $knowledgeId,
                'created_at' => $now,
                'updated_at' => $now,
            ]));

            return KnowledgeExplanation::query()
                ->where('knowledge_id', $knowledgeId)
                ->firstOrFail();
        });
    }

    private function loadStudentQuestionHistory(string $studentId): array
    {
        $done = PaperQuestion::query()
            ->select('paper_questions.question_bank_id')
            ->join('papers', 'papers.paper_id', '=', 'paper_questions.paper_id')
            ->where('papers.student_id', $studentId)
            ->whereNotNull('paper_questions.question_bank_id')
            ->pluck('paper_questions.question_bank_id')
            ->map(static fn ($id) => (int) $id)
            ->filter(static fn ($id) => $id > 0)
            ->unique()
            ->values()
            ->all();

        $wrong = MistakeRecord::query()
            ->where('student_id', $studentId)
            ->whereNotNull('question_id')
            ->pluck('question_id')
            ->map(static fn ($id) => (int) $id)
            ->filter(static fn ($id) => $id > 0)
            ->unique()
            ->values()
            ->all();

        return [
            'done' => $done,
            'wrong' => $wrong,
        ];
    }

    private function pickCasesForKnowledgePoint(string $kpCode, array $doneIds, array $wrongIds, int $limit, ?int $difficultyCategory = null): array
    {
        $children = KnowledgePoint::query()
            ->where('parent_kp_code', $kpCode)
            ->whereNotNull('kp_code')
            ->where('kp_code', '!=', '')
            ->orderBy('id')
            ->limit($limit)
            ->get(['kp_code', 'name']);

        if ($children->isNotEmpty()) {
            $selected = collect();
            $usedQuestionIds = [];
            foreach ($children as $child) {
                if ($selected->count() >= $limit) {
                    break;
                }
                $case = $this->pickSingleCaseForKnowledgePoint((string) $child->kp_code, $doneIds, $wrongIds, $usedQuestionIds, $difficultyCategory);
                if ($case === null) {
                    continue;
                }
                $case['child_kp_code'] = (string) $child->kp_code;
                $case['child_kp_name'] = (string) ($child->name ?: $child->kp_code);
                $case['source_label'] = (string) ($child->name ?: $child->kp_code);
                $selected->push($case);
                $usedQuestionIds[] = (int) $case['question_id'];
            }

            return $selected->values()->all();
        }

        $selected = collect();

        $pick = function (Collection $bucket, string $sourceType, bool $isWrong) use ($selected, $limit): void {
            foreach ($bucket as $question) {
                if ($selected->count() >= $limit) {
                    break;
                }
                if ($selected->contains('question_id', (int) $question->id)) {
                    continue;
                }
                $selected->push($this->formatCaseQuestion($question, $sourceType, $isWrong));
            }
        };

        $pick($this->queryBucket($kpCode, static function ($query) use ($doneIds) {
            if (! empty($doneIds)) {
                $query->whereNotIn('id', $doneIds);
            }
        }, $difficultyCategory), 'new', false);

        if ($selected->count() < $limit) {
            $pick($this->queryBucket($kpCode, static function ($query) use ($wrongIds) {
                if (empty($wrongIds)) {
                    $query->whereRaw('1=0');
                    return;
                }
                $query->whereIn('id', $wrongIds);
            }, $difficultyCategory), 'wrong', true);
        }

        if ($selected->count() < $limit) {
            $pick($this->queryBucket($kpCode, static function ($query) use ($doneIds) {
                if (empty($doneIds)) {
                    $query->whereRaw('1=0');
                    return;
                }
                $query->whereIn('id', $doneIds);
            }, $difficultyCategory), 'reviewed', false);
        }

        if ($selected->count() < $limit) {
            $excluded = $selected->pluck('question_id')->all();
            $pick($this->queryBucket($kpCode, static function ($query) use ($excluded) {
                if (! empty($excluded)) {
                    $query->whereNotIn('id', $excluded);
                }
            }, $difficultyCategory), 'fallback', false);
        }

        return $selected->values()->all();
    }

    private function pickSingleCaseForKnowledgePoint(string $kpCode, array $doneIds, array $wrongIds, array $excludedIds = [], ?int $difficultyCategory = null): ?array
    {
        $pickOne = function (callable $mutator, string $sourceType, bool $isWrong) use ($kpCode, $difficultyCategory): ?array {
            $bucket = $this->queryBucket($kpCode, $mutator, $difficultyCategory);
            $question = $bucket->first();
            if (! $question) {
                return null;
            }

            return $this->formatCaseQuestion($question, $sourceType, $isWrong);
        };

        $baseExclude = $excludedIds;

        $case = $pickOne(static function ($query) use ($doneIds, $baseExclude) {
            if (! empty($doneIds)) {
                $query->whereNotIn('id', $doneIds);
            }
            if (! empty($baseExclude)) {
                $query->whereNotIn('id', $baseExclude);
            }
        }, 'new', false);
        if ($case) {
            return $case;
        }

        $case = $pickOne(static function ($query) use ($wrongIds, $baseExclude) {
            if (empty($wrongIds)) {
                $query->whereRaw('1=0');
                return;
            }
            $query->whereIn('id', $wrongIds);
            if (! empty($baseExclude)) {
                $query->whereNotIn('id', $baseExclude);
            }
        }, 'wrong', true);
        if ($case) {
            return $case;
        }

        $case = $pickOne(static function ($query) use ($doneIds, $baseExclude) {
            if (empty($doneIds)) {
                $query->whereRaw('1=0');
                return;
            }
            $query->whereIn('id', $doneIds);
            if (! empty($baseExclude)) {
                $query->whereNotIn('id', $baseExclude);
            }
        }, 'reviewed', false);
        if ($case) {
            return $case;
        }

        return $pickOne(static function ($query) use ($baseExclude) {
            if (! empty($baseExclude)) {
                $query->whereNotIn('id', $baseExclude);
            }
        }, 'fallback', false);
    }

    private function queryBucket(string $kpCode, callable $mutator, ?int $difficultyCategory = null): Collection
    {
        $query = Question::query()
            ->where('kp_code', $kpCode)
            ->whereNotNull('stem')
            ->where('stem', '!=', '')
            ->whereNotNull('answer')
            ->whereNotNull('solution')
            ->inRandomOrder()
            ->limit(80);

        $mutator($query);

        $candidates = $query->get(['id', 'kp_code', 'stem', 'options', 'meta', 'answer', 'solution', 'question_type', 'difficulty']);

        return $this->rankCandidates($candidates, $difficultyCategory, 30);
    }

    private function rankCandidates(Collection $candidates, ?int $difficultyCategory, int $limit): Collection
    {
        if ($candidates->isEmpty()) {
            return collect();
        }

        // 无难度偏好时：随机抽样
        if ($difficultyCategory === null || $difficultyCategory < 0 || $difficultyCategory > 4) {
            return $candidates->shuffle()->take($limit)->values();
        }

        $target = $this->targetDifficultyByCategory($difficultyCategory);

        // 先按难度贴合度排序，再加随机扰动，避免每次都返回同题
        $ranked = $candidates
            ->shuffle()
            ->map(function (Question $q) use ($target): array {
                $difficulty = $this->normalizeDifficultyValue($q->difficulty);
                $distance = abs($difficulty - $target);
                $jitter = mt_rand(0, 1000) / 10000;
                return [
                    'question' => $q,
                    'rank_score' => $distance + $jitter,
                ];
            })
            ->sortBy('rank_score')
            ->pluck('question')
            ->take($limit)
            ->values();

        return $ranked;
    }

    private function targetDifficultyByCategory(int $difficultyCategory): float
    {
        return match ($difficultyCategory) {
            0 => 0.25,
            1 => 0.40,
            2 => 0.55,
            3 => 0.70,
            4 => 0.85,
            default => 0.55,
        };
    }

    private function normalizeDifficultyValue(mixed $difficulty): float
    {
        if (! is_numeric($difficulty)) {
            return 0.55;
        }

        $value = (float) $difficulty;
        if ($value > 1) {
            $value = $value / 5;
        }

        return max(0.0, min(1.0, $value));
    }

    private function formatCaseQuestion(Question $question, string $sourceType, bool $isWrongCase): array
    {
        $sourceLabel = match ($sourceType) {
            'wrong' => '错题讲解',
            'reviewed' => '已做题',
            'fallback' => '补充题',
            default => '新题',
        };

        $stemRaw = (string) ($question->stem ?? '');
        $options = $this->normalizeQuestionOptions($question->options);
        if (empty($options) && is_array($question->meta ?? null)) {
            $meta = (array) $question->meta;
            $options = $this->normalizeQuestionOptions($meta['options'] ?? $meta['question_options'] ?? null);
        }
        if (empty($options)) {
            [$stemWithoutExtractedOptions, $extractedOptions] = $this->extractChoiceOptionsFromStem((string) ($question->stem ?? ''));
            if (! empty($extractedOptions)) {
                $stemRaw = $stemWithoutExtractedOptions;
                $options = $extractedOptions;
            }
        }

        return [
            'question_id' => (int) $question->id,
            'source_type' => $sourceType,
            'is_wrong_case' => $isWrongCase,
            'source_label' => $sourceLabel,
            'stem' => $stemRaw,
            'options' => $options,
            'answer' => (string) ($question->answer ?? ''),
            'solution' => (string) ($question->solution ?? ''),
            'question_type' => (string) ($question->question_type ?? ''),
            'difficulty' => is_numeric($question->difficulty) ? (float) $question->difficulty : null,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * 标准化选择题选项，输出为 ['A' => '...', 'B' => '...']。
     */
    private function normalizeQuestionOptions(mixed $rawOptions): array
    {
        if (is_string($rawOptions)) {
            $decoded = json_decode($rawOptions, true);
            if (is_array($decoded)) {
                $rawOptions = $decoded;
            }
        }

        if (! is_array($rawOptions) || empty($rawOptions)) {
            return [];
        }

        $normalized = [];
        foreach ($rawOptions as $key => $value) {
            $label = strtoupper(trim((string) $key));
            $content = '';

            if (is_array($value)) {
                // 兼容多种选项结构：['A' => '...'] / [['label'=>'A','content'=>'...']]
                $candidateLabel = (string) ($value['label'] ?? $value['key'] ?? '');
                if ($candidateLabel !== '') {
                    $label = strtoupper(trim($candidateLabel));
                }
                $content = (string) ($value['content'] ?? $value['value'] ?? $value['text'] ?? '');
            } else {
                $content = (string) $value;
            }

            if (trim($content) === '') {
                continue;
            }

            if (! preg_match('/^[A-Z]$/', $label)) {
                $idx = count($normalized);
                $label = chr(ord('A') + $idx);
            }

            // 选项文本保持原样，公式与 HTML 转义由卷子共用 partial（exam-choice-options）处理
            $normalized[$label] = $content;
        }

        return $normalized;
    }

    /**
     * 兜底：从题干中提取 A/B/C/D 选项文本（兼容旧库数据）。
     */
    private function extractChoiceOptionsFromStem(string $stem): array
    {
        if (trim($stem) === '') {
            return [$stem, []];
        }

        $pattern = '/(?:^|<br\s*\/?>|\r?\n)\s*([A-H])\s*[\.．、:：]\s*(.+?)(?=(?:<br\s*\/?>|\r?\n)\s*[A-H]\s*[\.．、:：]\s*|$)/isu';
        preg_match_all($pattern, $stem, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER | PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
        if (empty($matches)) {
            return [$stem, []];
        }

        $options = [];
        foreach ($matches as $m) {
            $label = strtoupper(trim((string) ($m[1][0] ?? '')));
            $content = trim((string) ($m[2][0] ?? ''));
            if ($label === '' || $content === '') {
                continue;
            }
            $options[$label] = $content;
        }

        if (empty($options)) {
            return [$stem, []];
        }

        $firstOptionOffset = (int) ($matches[0][0][1] ?? 0);
        $stemWithoutOptions = trim(substr($stem, 0, $firstOptionOffset));

        return [$stemWithoutOptions !== '' ? $stemWithoutOptions : $stem, $options];
    }
}